Agnieszka Malinowska (The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce) Health Care and Social Welfare in Starachowice-Wierzbnik in the Interwar Period The article attempts at providing a description of health care and social welfare in the town of Starachowice-Wierzbnik in the interwar period. To start with, legal bases, establishment and activities of sickness funds as well as social insurance bodies in the Second Republic of Poland are described. Further, the article develops the issues which regard the organization and the scope of activities of the Sickness Fund of the Iłża-Opatów District, branch in Wierzbnik, transformed in 1933 into a branch of Social Insurance Company based in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, as well as the entities financed by the Fund such as a hospital, dispensaries and a tuberculosis clinic. Apart from organizational and functional aspects, the article presents doctors and nurses who worked there as well as their attitudes to patients and public attitudes towards health issues. The second part of the article is devoted to social welfare, especially the organization and various forms of help provided for the needed by the Wierzbnicka Municipal Social Welfare Committee and its Welfare Districts. The needs of Starachowice-Wierzbnik community for social welfare as well as the satisfaction of those needs are discussed further. Conditions and a specific character of work of social workers as well as the rules for granting social assistance are also discussed. The article has been written on the basis of archival and printed sources as well as numerous reports. The main source of information has been documents collected by the State Archive in Kielce as well as the Archive of New Files in Warsaw. The most useful documents from the State Archive in Kielce include Town Records of Starachowice, the files concerning the First Kielce Voivodeship Office (1916, 1919-1939) as well as the File on the Ministry of Social Welfare 1918 – 1939 from the Archive of New Files in Warsaw. Printed sources starting from legal acts on the rules for granting medical help and social welfare in the Second Republic of Poland to selected statistical documents, diaries, memoirs and health care records have also been indispensable.